The only drawback of copper wiring
is its cost – it is about 2.5 times the price
wiring of heating on polypropylene. However, if you build a house not
for sale, but for myself, it is worth once again to weigh whether to save
on the life of the system. In any case, none of our customers
have not regretted that fire, water and copper pipes come together in his service.

Followed by a copper pipe is polypropylene.
On the cut, she strongly resembles metal, but differs
way to connect and thickness. Polypropylene is connected with
machine that heats the PEX to a temperature
melting, and thus the fitting is welded to the pipe. If cut
Such a connection across, then the weld is not visible – Pipes
and fitting literally mixed together. Such a connection is
very reliable. Deficiencies of polypropylene in comparison with copper: a large
thickness of pipes and fittings, a large exposure to temperature deformation,
high degree of aging at high temperatures (over the years, pipelines
become more fragile, like a long lain in the ground PEX
package).

By Research Institute of Plumbers guaranteed
life of the heating system of polypropylene is 15 … 30
years.

Nevertheless, despite these shortcomings, polypropylene
on the reliability of installed systems firmly holds second place in
range of materials for heating systems.

Pipe XLPE
(PEX, or “pipe shape memory”) differs from polypropylene only
more flexibility and the way to connect. Such pipes extend special
apparatus, are inserted into the fitting, then the apparatus is removed,
and the pipe is securely compress fitting. The main disadvantages of such pipe
- Limited lifetime at high temperatures (like polypropylene)
and very high flexibility. Beautiful outdoor wiring to make such
tube is almost impossible – it has to hide in the walls.

The penultimate place among the materials
heating is repoussage. Metal PEX pipe
so popular even 5 years ago, is now gradually losing its appeal.
This is because, firstly, on the market a huge number of
Low-quality metal-pipe, and secondly, leaking,
which are formed at the junction of metal pipe after 2-3 years
exploitation.

Concern “Rehau” uses to make their profiles about 60 (!!!) different chemicals. Each of them has a different purpose: and plasticizers, and catalysts, and substances that protect plastic from the decomposition and discoloration, etc.

It is noteworthy that the concern Rehau was the first company to produce translucent structure, which ceased to use cadmium in the manufacture of windows.

Rehau has its own chemical laboratory, which develops new formulations that are used subsequently in the manufacture of windows, and checks them. Accordingly, the material obtained is absolutely environmentally safe – its use is permitted even in hospitals, as confirmed by the presence of the hygienic certificate.

There are also special pipes and PVC fittings that are designed to work in the heating of individual houses. For greater reliability of these products are reinforced with various materials. For example, PVC pipes and fittings are PVC, reinforced with fiberglass. This greatly increases their durability and reliability. The model can serve as a high-class polypropylene fittings BOW Group, long-lasting and trouble-free operation of heating homes and water.

Successfully used for rainwater drainage, sewage and soil water PVC pipes and PVC plastic fittings.

Buy PVC fittings and pipes should be remembered that by buying in bulk, you get a quality product that will benefit from the installation. And the price is much lower.

Such associations we have established through many years of neglect of cultural production and neglect of human needs. In fact, the profession is a plumber in the construction did not last in importance.

Few know, but there are special institutions of higher learning for training of the profession. Range of problems which have addressed these universities, of course is much broader than the problems that arise during repair and decoration. Work at the site plumber usually starts first and finishes last.

It begins with the dismantling of old equipment. If this is an old house, then chances are that some burst pipe or tap picks, so you should be extremely careful when dismantling production equipment. In new houses this process easier, as a rule, have nothing to dismantle, as no equipment no. Then replacing radiators. Next time, sanitary come to the site after construction and plastering of walls in the bathrooms. Made installation of water pipes and sewage systems, all of these pipes are in the walls. At this point, the facility should be complete assembly drawings for the installed equipment, the presence of fasteners and assembly of frames on inline sanitary ware, heated towel rail.

The next stage – is the installation of plumbing work done before the finish lacquered parquet. The most common material for water supply – a metal plastic. It is suitable for installation, requires no welding, no plaque on the walls of pipes. Manufacturing company provides warranty on the pipes 80 years of exploitation, but, unfortunately, no statistics on this stuff, because it is quite new. Also used copper pipes, which are characteristics of metal-like, but it has statistics on exploitation. The cost of copper tubing and accessories thereof, about 1.5 times higher than in the metal-plastic. Sewer pipes are laid PVC.

In medicine, PVC plastic is used as material for the vessels used to store blood and blood plasma.

Thanks to the optimum recipe of the material plastic windows Rehau gained widespread popularity.

Random Copolymer of propylene from the category of thermo PEX is the traditional and the best raw material for PEX tubing. Obtained it by adding a chain of molecules of propylene ethylene molecules. Unconditional benefits of PEX tubing are durable, low thermal conductivity, high temperature resistance, ability to withstand short-term increase in temperature media up to 95 ° C, low weight, lack of electrical conductivity, good adaptability to manufacture and assembly. PEX is environmentally friendly, easily washed out during operation, while maintaining hygienic properties throughout life, which is 50 years.

To be fair, and the shortcomings inherent tension ceilings: firstly, the fear of sharp objects and, secondly, the relative high cost (the cheapest stretch ceilings are currently worth about $ 30 per sq ft, delivery and installation) . If the first shortcoming is intractable, then the second one can be sure – with time he will be significantly reduced. There is one drawback – it is unlikely that work on the device of a stretch ceiling you could do yourself, if you were not connected with these – even if they can get all the accessories. Such work requires not only special equipment and materials not available in conventional stores, but also professional skills.

Stretch ceiling is a form of suspended ceilings, although, strictly speaking, it can not be attributed to him, since it uses a bracket to the base ceiling only as a rather rare variant. Usually, the fabric roof is fixed on the perimeter walls. This method is ideally suited to hide the shortcomings of basic ceiling, and laid him on the utilities, insertions fixtures, air ducts. It can be used to furnish almost any room, including medical, since the material fabric is certified for use for these purposes.

The film, which is made of fabric stretch ceiling, is a standard PVC film different textures (matte, semi-matt (satin), gloss (paint), metallic, suede, marble, leather, etc.), does not contain cadmium, a thickness of 0, 17-0,22 mm, with certain physical properties. The very same ceiling – is sewn from separate bands of PVC fabric backing, just the size of the room with all its features. Plans for a pattern to do a professional engineer, as in this case, as in all matters related to the ceilings, a lot of subtleties that must be taken into account at all stages of preparation and installation. After the pattern sheet is processed on the perimeter of a flexible plate – “garpon”, which is subsequently used during the installation. This pattern fabric ends, it is carefully cleaned by special means, formed with interlayer strips and wrapped in several layers of insulating film. In this form (convolution), the ceiling and comes with the manufacturer (usually from French) company-installer.

Consider this process for the simplest case – the installation of stretch ceiling in the forward rectangular buildings, without leaving the ceiling pipes, with a light-type “chandelier.” This process consists of many operations and can be understood at first, only people with experience in construction work and communicate with the building tool.

The first thing on the wall along the perimeter of the premises secured baguette, which is a plastic profile of hard plastic and duralumin, for which subsequently catches garponom canvas ceiling. Shape of the profiles, as well as the method of fixation, different manufacturers are different, though similar to each other. To do this, first of all determined by the lowest corner of the base ceiling of the room. This is done with gidrourovnya (flexible transparent tube length of about 10 m, filled with tinted liquid). Coming from the lower angle is measured down 1-2 cm and is marked in pencil. In reality, this gap will only need for technological purposes, the better to get close tool for securing a baguette. Then, using the same gidrourovnya this label is transferred to the other corners premises. Gidrouroven no longer need, and it can be removed. With otbivochnogo cord with the dye is applied to consolidate the line of baguette. To do this, one end of the cable is installed on the mark in one corner and another on the label in the next corner, the cord at the same time should be taut. With his free hand pulled the cord perpendicular to the wall and released. The meaning of the operation to the cord taut slapped on the wall and left her dye a straight line from one horizon to another label. Repeat for all the walls of the room, we find the horizon line along its entire perimeter. This line will be the basis for subsequent installation of baguette.

The next operation – precise measurement of the angles of the room. This is done using a special tool – “ganiometra” (folding protractor) or via a selection zarezok. The second method is more accurate. It is better to write the values of the measured angles in pencil on the base ceiling. Really required accuracy – 0,5 angular degrees – rather difficult to do because the price of division of the scale used for washed them down the corners of circular saws, equal to one angular degrees.

Now it’s time to mount on the wall molding. To do this, you must first prepare a rail moldings. With the 5-meter roulette accurately measured the length of the wall, which is planned to strengthen the rail. Typically, rail has a length of 3-4 meters, so this tape of greater length does not make sense. If the wall has a length less than the length of the strips, the strip is strictly long zapilivaetsya circular saw at an angle equal to half of the angles adjacent to the measured side and then fastened to the wall so that the top edge moldings match the partitioning of the horizon, made earlier. If the wall more than the length of the strips, the latter zapilivaetsya only in one corner (the second with the recommended drinking at a right angle, as often baguette cut in length, is not strictly a right angle), and after fixing it or using dowels and screws (recommended for enhanced domestic production of plastic plugs with a diameter of 6 mm and 30 mm long), either through a pneumatic gun and special nails or staples with a frequency of attachment determined by the material of the wall. It should be remembered that the pulling force on the ceiling moldings separation is approximately equal to 60 kg / Stamp. Capacity-The missing piece of the required length with the relevant gashes, which is attached to the wall in the same or a different way. Repeat for each wall, we get the room obagechennoe strictly in the horizontal level. In carrying out this operation, it is important to remember that the joints should be glued pieces of baguette by connecting them with glue Cyanoacrylate group.

Then comes the most exciting period – the opening up and installing canvas. As mentioned above, the fabric roof comes company-installer folded. Quality packaging can play an important role, because even the slightest mechanical damage of leaf leads to a marriage work. Therefore, between the layers of cloth are put special pads of foamed polyethylene or thin, soft paper. Unpacking the fabric must be made in the already partially warmed (to 40-50 ° C) room. Usually a few minutes turn heat gun, and then stretch the canvas ceiling should be carefully unpacked and deployed, providing a uniformly warm (heat gun can not hold to the canvas is closer than 1,5 m). In painting the ceiling is always embedded drawing of the manufacturer, which must be labeled “basic” angle, and develops it in such a way that the base angle was up and unfolded a sheet from him. Deploy the canvas should be as follows: Hanging on the corners of the room in a noose so-called crocodiles (spring clamps in the form of ticks) wrapped with two or three layers of cushioning sponge, begin to deploy the canvas. The first was called the base angle, which, after a brief warm-up in the heat flow gun clinging “crocodile” for garpon. Then, as unfolding leaf will open its new angles, which cling “crocodiles” in their respective corners of the room. When all the fabric and is geared deployed until it is heated to a state suitable for the installation, you should verify whether it is tailored – albeit infrequently, but there are errors with the base angle.

The degree to which you want to warm up a sheet, is determined only by experience installer – if not dogret sheet, it will be hard to pull and install, if you overheat – it will jump out of mesh, and in addition, lacquer painting can lose luster. Normally the heated sheet should fairly easily stretch instead of garponom and normally stay in castles baguette. Only after achieving this status should begin immediately to install a canvas baguette. You can start with any angle you coveted. The selected angle is removed from the “crocodile”, which immediately removed, so as not to interfere, and then inserted into the slot garpona angled blade and using it garpon canvases are hooked on the baguette. It is necessary to press down garpon his left hand on top in the place where it has already managed to catch a baguette, so that it is not immediately jumped out of gearing. Catching himself a corner, we need to change a flat spatula and continue to engage garpona right and left of the corner until the moment when garpon will not be geared at least for the two locks on each side. Next, similarly interlock opposite and other corners. The fact that every other corner catches more difficult, should be considered normal.

When all four corners are installed, you are ready for engagement, the straight sections of stretch ceiling. This is done already by direct blades and approximation. First, two or three sections of the castle interlock in place the end of the seam cloths – so less likelihood of them later distortions. Then the loose parts are divided in half and fixed in the center again for two or three of the castle. So until then, until the value of loose parts will not be such that the entire plot can be fixed without much effort (usually up to 1 m). Next is the final link of the entire perimeter of the room. When this is done, you must check the quality of mesh fabric around the perimeter, checking the perfect seal fabric ceiling to the baguette. If in any place of the canvas tightly adheres to the aluminum track must be correct gearing. If everything is correct, it becomes quite taut on baguette canvas image of an ideal flat surface.

The last operation – the device external lamp assembly (chandeliers). First thing to do is prepare amplifying ring. It is usually made from plastic 3-4 mm thick. Plastic should combine the conflicting requirements – strong and easy processing. You can recommend foamed plastic stamps KOMATEH. The external diameter of the ring should be such that it covered the cup chandeliers, internal – such that the ring is easy to put on the ceiling laid down in the base hook chandeliers. In any case, the width of the ring should not be less than 5 mm. Typically, this condition is easily doable. Touch through the canvas ceiling hook are chandeliers, and in this place is marked marker. At the amplifying ring applied glue type will generate enough continuous strip without breaks. This condition is required, otherwise the later canvas stretch ceiling crawl like holey stockings. After that the ring is attached to the front of paintings in a way that made felt-tip pen mark was exactly in the center of the ring amplifier. Adhesives of this type are usually dry within a few seconds, therefore, to withstand the specified time, with a sharp knife such as a small wall-inside the ring of fabric is cut, the resulting hole is stretched wire and connected to the chandelier, the chandelier and then just hung up on an old hook, which, if necessary, built up to length.

This is the sequence of operations during the installation of simple stretch ceilings – the four corners of the chandelier. More complex ceilings, which include pipes, recessed light fixtures, circular elements, and even transitions levels require a description. We should not think that is very simple. As already mentioned, if you decide to install stretch ceilings, entrust it to professionals.

PVC is made from sodium chloride (salt). By electrolysis of sodium chloride Sodium chloride is released. By cracking of natural raw materials – oil and gas – are gaseous ethylene. Due to a series of chemical reactions formed PVC – stable chemical compounds, having the form of white powder.

Polyvinyl chloride can be five times the processing that characterizes him not only as an environmentally friendly material, but also as a means of managing natural resources. In Germany, the practice of issuing certified window profiles obtained from recycled material.

SPECIFICATIONS
Materials: foamed PVC.
DIMENSIONS: plastic moldings are available in the form of long strips 2,5-5,15 m with a profile width of 13-22 mm, height 50-100 mm, in the form of elastic bands, rolled up, a length of 25 and 50 m with a profile width of 13 – 20 mm, height 48-50 mm.

CONSUMER ANALYSIS
The main advantage of plastic is its resistance to moisture, thus skirting is not subject to corrosion and decay, and at temperature and humidity in the room retains its shape and size. PVC skirting does not fade because the plastic is colored in mass.
Most plastic skirting the shape and size resemble ordinary wood. The face they smoothly curved angle on the rear – are equipped with mounting channels and niche for the wire. The colors mimic natural wood or natural stone, so often they are used in combination with laminated flooring.
Plastic moldings for carpets and household linoleum strips are L-shaped cross section. A narrow shelf strips (“cap” letter T “) is slightly bent down and painted, and wide (it is mounted to the wall) with the front side provided with adhesive tape. This kind of slot in which to insert the tape carpet or linoleum, cut off from the main roll. The result is a plinth with the same texture and pattern as the floor.
There are skirting-strips without any devices for fixing (they just stick to the wall). Others are equipped with a special channel, or duct tape.
For more dense floor coverings, which are used in crowded areas (quartz vinyl tiles, linoleum, homogeneous and heterogeneous), more suitable baseboard elastic bands. They have a variety of colors (including imitation beech and natural stone). Bands at stacking bend at right angles to the necessary proportions: height-width. The length of the coil is designed to trim large areas (warehouses, shops, commercial areas).

There are two issues that you have to wonder will begin operation in plumbing – or rather, running water. First, how to identify and where to find sanitary appliances best quality. And secondly, for what amount to calculate the budget works.

Think a bit about the good old (although someone like) Soviet times. Water pipes were steel and, despite the “strong” reputation of the material itself, were, surprisingly, extremely short-lived. Substituting them were galvanized. Under certain conditions, namely at a sufficiently high income and a few “hairy leg”, it was quite possible to get stainless steel. Riding dreams were copper pipes. Corrosion served at least 20 years. Copper “pleasure” was quite expensive, though still just amazed with its durability. As for the other plumbing components, they are always made of iron.

We can not say that the situation in this sector utilities has undergone significant change. It is in the West such progressive innovations the industry as polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polypropylene (PP) and PEX pipes for over sixty percent of the segment. Over the past twenty years, the overall proportion of PEX tubing in the area of housing and communal services has grown to six percent, additional market share place metal counterparts! Why? Ignorance of the features and benefits, fear of change and disruption of traditional, time-tested tools ancestral arrangement of life. While this suggests the market, fortunately, to the highest Western standards. Today, we are available all plumbing fixtures, which can use the western people.

Enumerating the pluses of PVC, PVC fitting pipe, may be affected and the problem of ecological safety of the environment. Almost infinitely employees PVC and PEX compounds do not require a long time waste.

Special studies are carried out with the water flowing through pipes UPVC proved immutability flavor. The chemical composition of water, too, has not changed, which confirmed the resistance of the material PVC-U and the lack of harmful emissions. Being chemically neutral materials, PVC and PVC-U used for making pipes used in the systems of food supply.

PEX pipe used in gas supply, plumbing and sewerage systems. Applied in these industries PVC fittings differ from those of metal. A lightweight PEX tubing significantly reduces the cost of transporting and handling. Lightweight plastic makes rigging work and reduces the number of people in the team of loaders. Two guys who print T-shirt depicts the logo of the company, easily unloaded Ford Van with PEX tubing.

The material for the manufacture of PEX tubing is polyvinyl chloride – PVC, as well as unplasticized polyvinyl chloride – PVC-U. PVC fittings made of this material are used in pressure plumbing and sanitation. From the mechanical properties of PVC and especially UPVC allocate increased strength, and the chemical – a neutral reaction to the aggressive media.

Scientists from around the world looking for ways to somehow preserve the environment, which at this time is suffering. Finding a compromise solution, it will in turn preserve the health of the population. This is especially true purity of drinking water. Because the human body is one-third of the water, it is rather good reason to more closely relates to its quality.

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) – an artificial material, which belongs to the group of thermoplastics, and thermoplastics – is this kind of plastic, which, thanks to its excellent technological properties can be repeatedly reused. Specifications allow the use of PVC products made from it, without fear for human health. PVC creative in use in industry – for window profiles, pipe manufacturing, for production of films in the food sector, a variety of overlapping, for some facade details of furniture and even parts for children’s toys – is sufficient proof of their suitability. This material is resistant to various weather conditions, no rust, clogging the walls of pipes, which are made out of it, it does not settle the stone, which is very important for fittings, for which we receive drinking water.

People are constantly striving for better quality in all areas of life – are trying to surround himself with expensive and high-quality things, use the services of different suppliers, some orders expensive limousines, Canada attraction for luxury and wealth, which they seek to enter, but rarely any of its people think about their health. Because this is such a thing can not be overstated or buy, even for huge money. This is a known fact. If you can somehow preserve and improve the condition of the body, then why not take advantage of this opportunity? To do this, very little – to monitor the quality of food, water quality, which we use for cooking, to surround themselves with things most environmentally friendly. Can such simple ways, and will not bear fruit immediately, but it is safe to say that in the future, you can feel the changes in health status for the better.

In turn, the PVC pipes are specially made for drainage. These PEX tubing do not rust over time and do not emit in the water of any foreign matter. It’s just a great option for sewage in the home (apartment or suburban) environment!

It can be concluded that PEX tubing – this is the best solution to the problem of building a modern and reliable plumbing. To date, all kinds of plastic tubes – polypropylene, PEX pipes and PVC pipes has won the trust of many people who absolutely reject any alternative, following the principle of loyalty programs and selecting only high quality, environmentally friendly, durable and durable products!

One of the most interesting applications of polyethylene pipes is the construction of underwater pipelines. In contrast to metal pipes, in this case, the full range of assembly work is carried out on the beach, which is incomparably easier and cheaper construction. Then made a gradual sinking of ready pipeline of polyethylene pipe, fitted with ballast weights.

Chemical and food piping: PVC – universal material for pipes and fittings!

Today PVC pipe fittings used to transport not only chemically aggressive media, and liquid food, drinking water and distilled water. On the absolute safety of PVC pipe fittings to human health from the fact that PVC are doing not only containers for the content of food, but also children’s toys and medical tubes.

Concern FIP produces valves, rotameters, and strainers for the assembly of PVC pipes. FIP PVC Fittings companies are designed to glue, threaded or flanged connections.
The pipe material: PVC Specifications

Polyvinyl chloride – a very good solution for the creation of pipeline systems for drinking water, and for aggressive environments. PVC pipes, PVC fittings and the corresponding valves are all the positive properties of the polymer. In the production of PVC pipes connecting the main polymer with dyes, fillers, lubricants and stabilizers, which are required according to the quality of the final product. Initial polymer mixture and the finished product – PVC pipe fittings conform to all quality standards.

What You Need
In order to repair leaks in PVC fittings you need PVC glue and primer, sufficient caps or plugs in order to seal openings within the pipe. You will also need a shop vacuum.

Seal the Openings
First, you will need to seal off all the openings by using the plugs or caps. Make sure to keep one cap or plug aside. Keep the opening that lies nearest to the leakage open. This opening gets navigated by the vacuum subsequently. Attach the vacuum into the entire plumbing system to pull the vacuum over the whole system.

Checking for Leak
Whether these are PVC elbows or PVC bushings, leaks can happen at any time. Once you run the vacuum across the system, you should be able to detect leaks quickly because there will be a bit of suction at this point. Take the primer and apply it over the leakage. Once the vacuum sucks enough primer to the leak and fills it, turn the vacuum off.

Glue
Use the same process with the PVC glue and let it set. The leak is now filled!

The material of choice for domestic handmade now – it polypropylene-Rand (Type 3) and PVC. How do they differ? PVC pipes more “hard”, ie less elastic than polypropylene, so their installation in the open more aesthetic (not to be “curves” pipe), the more they are less afraid of sunlight. Bonding in hard to reach places easier than welding (PVC connected to the adhesive, and polypropylene welded special apparatus). However, unlike polypropylene, PVC pipes expensive. Fittings of metal usually PVC, which requires caution when installing. For the same reason, the radiator PVC pipes must be connected through metal reducers. A variety of fittings, combination of threaded adapters “on metal”, valves and fittings for polypropylene pipes produced much more than for PVC. Price welding machine for polypropylene – from 100 to 300 $.

The second lesson will focus on ways to connect plastic pipes. The author would be grateful for any comments and additions on the article.

Rated pressure. Represented letters PN. Is expressed in bars (kgf/cm2). PN – is a constant nominal internal pressure of the water with a temperature of 20 ° C, which pipe can withstand without failure for 50 years. The most common pipe PN 10, PN 16, PN 20 and PN 25. It should be borne in mind that the higher the PN, the thicker wall of the chimney, and PN 25 in general, have reinforced wall (a layer of foil inside the plastic). Accordingly, the pipe PN 10 and PN 16 are used to cold water, and PN 20 and PN 25 for hot water and heating. Some manufacturers, such as domestic company FD-layer, produces tubes with a longitudinal stripe – blue for cold water (PN 10) and red for hot (PN 20). There are tables, from which we can calculate the service life of pipes, based on data on water pressure in the pipe and its temperature. What temperature is above 20 ° C or higher the pressure, the less life.

Identification of the material. Different manufacturers use different designations, but the letters PP will always say that the pipe is made of polypropylene. If you see the letters PPH, PP-1 or PP-type 1, the pipes are made of type 1 PP – homopolymer. PPB, PP-2, PP-type 2 – block copolymers. But the best of polypropylene is now recognized Random copolymer: PPR, PP-2, PP-random, PPRC. If you find one of these symbols on the tube – this is what you need!

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is of two types: Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC or PVC-C) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC or PEX). PVC fittings are designed for cold water, and their CPVC – for hot and plumbing supply and radiant heating. Tubingmade of PEX and PVC among themselves do not stick together, you must use a special adapter.

Outside diameter of the pipe or PEX plumbing tubing. Most used the metric system, in which the outer diameter of the pipe is indicated in millimeters (16, 20, 25, 32, 40, 50, 63 mm, etc.). Why is it so important outer diameter, and not internal? Because all fittings (connectors, and installation of additional elements) are welded to the outer surface of the pipe. The inner diameter is important in the calculation of complex piping systems, it would be better left to specialists, and home handyman enough to remember that to maintain water pressure in the wiring inside diameter of pipe should decrease from the center to the periphery.
In PVC pipe outer diameter can be designated as in millimeters and inches. In this case, re inches in millimeters as follows:
1 / 2 “- 12mm, 3 / 4″ – 20mm, 1 “- 25mm, 1 1 / 4″ – 32mm;
1 1 / 2 “- 40mm 2″ – 50mm 3 – 75mm, 4 “- 100mm

Unfortunately, PVC – a very common plastic. Find it everywhere you can. In the apartment he found most often in the form of linoleum (except for some expensive brands), vinyl, plastic window frames, plastic toys (from dolls to children’s dental rings). PVC also make different kinds of packages, including for food products: bottles, packets, etc.

Buy something from PVC, remember:

- To give flexibility to PVC it is often added to the so-called plasticizers – phthalates or phthalate esters, which hit the body can cause liver and kidney, reducing the protective properties of the body, infertility, cancer. PVC may also contain other harmful substances: cadmium, chromium, lead, formaldehyde.

- Particularly dangerous PVC combustion. It is known that the combustion of 1 kilogram of PVC produces up to 50 milligrams of dioxins. This is quite sufficient for the development of cancerous tumors in laboratory animals 50 000.

- There is no safe processing technologies PVC. It is virtually impossible to re-use and comes in the furnace in incineration plants (incinerator) or to landfill. Dioxins, tirelessly manufactured incinerators apply to hundreds or thousands of kilometers.

- Production of an PVC windows leads to the formation of about 20 grams of toxic waste. A renovation of the entire apartment with the use of materials made of PVC, entails the formation of 1 kg (!) Of toxic waste.

- In one year, factories producing PVC, emit several thousand tons of vinyl chloride, endangering the health of workers and residents of nearby settlements.

- The production of PVC is also used chlorine, so in its manufacture and disposal in the environment, a large amount of dioxins – highly toxic substances that cause cancer and undermine immunity.

How to identify products made of PVC?

In civilized countries of the goods from PVC usually put special markings – the number “3″, surrounded by arrows. Some manufacturers simply write PVC or Vinyl. In Russia, unfortunately, goods made of plastic little marked. However, PVC can be distinguished on several grounds:

* Bending packaging line bending appears white band;
* PVC bottles have a bluish or blue color;
* Another distinctive feature of packaging made of PVC – the seam on the bottom of the bottle with two symmetric rolls.

Avoid PVC!

Manufacturers of PVC asserting that without that plastic can not do, but it is clear that in most industries PVC can be replaced with wood, metal, glass, “chlorine free” plastic.

Many manufacturers have already replaced the linoleum PVC rubber and other materials. Do not forget also that the floor is always possible to cover the good old wooden parquet. Window frames made of PVC can easily be replaced by solid wood or aluminum. Pipes can be installed from polyethylene, steel, copper, carbon steel, earthenware. PVC cables, plugs, sockets, electrical sockets, as well as the range, recycle bin for paper, pens, etc. can be substituted analogues of polyethylene, ethylene-vinyl acetate, polyamide, silicone.

Toy PVC is also a much safer alternatives: first, toys, polypropylene and polyethylene, as well as fabric, wood, etc. Plastic bags can be replaced with reusable packaging, made from environmentally friendly materials: paper, glass, fabric. Instead of vinyl is better to buy paper, and bathroom and kitchen tiles to choose (or waterproof emulsion paint – this type of paint is enough eco-friendly).

Drainage pipes – part of the design of horizontal drainage, performing the function of water intake and drainage elements.

Drainage pipes are used in closed drainage systems, agricultural lands, drainage structures and other special drainage (antilandslide, mining, etc.).

Recently, the most common drainage pipes HDPE and PVC, having a homogeneous structure, high corrosion resistance and durability. Is produced drain pipes with diameter 25-250 mm and a length of 40, 50 meters, wound into coils. Drainage pipes are laid end to end each, other, joined by a special couplings or sewer couplings (for outdoor sewerage).

culvert in coconut drainage pipes have perforations (perforated or slotted holes), through which water enters. In the drainage pipes made of porous materials, water flows through the pipe wall. Drainage pipe is made on special machines and devices using extrusion. Laying drainage pipes are produced in the trenches.

Group of Companies PEXplast offers:

* Drainage pipe without perforations, without filter
* Drainage trubys perforation without filter
* Drainage trubys perforations in the filter
* Drainage trubys perforations in the filter made of coconut fiber

Diameter drainage pipes: 63 mm, 80 mm, 113 mm, 145 mm, 160 mm, 200 mm
Pipes are sold in coils of 50 m (d 200 mm by 40 m)

HDPE drainage pipe with perforations in the filter
Diameter, mm m in the Bay Weight, kg Volume, m3
63 50 13.550 0.49
90 50 20.400 0.96
110 50 24.300 1.41
160 50 42.900 2.90
200 40 44.820 3.26

Drainage wells – this is engineering works for the maintenance of drainage system. The main function of drainage wells – monitoring the work and timely cleaning of drainage pipes from clogging (siltation). Drainage wells must be installed on each of at least every second turn of the drainage pipe.

Drainage wells are made of plastic are usually made of corrugated thick-walled PVC pipes, they are fully sealed and can withstand heavy loads of soil.

Drainage wells are usually completed with bottom and lid (with O-rings) made of rigid polypropylene (You can replace the plastic cover on the iron load 1,5 t and 3 t). Polypropylene cover drainage wells freely hold the weight of man. The floor drain sump pit is used for particulate matter and sand and silt. . The base is usually located 40-50 cm below the entrance of drainage pipes into the well.

Drainage wells are subject to cleaning at least once a year using a pump. Pipes cleaned only running water under pressure. Diameter drainage wells ranges from 315 mm to 600 mm, the most common diameters of 315 mm and 425 mm. Corrugated pipe is well supplied in lengths from 1 m to 6 m

Canalization pipes made of PVC (polyvinyl chloride), are frost resistant and not prone to cracking under full freezing (without water). The material from which made sewer pipes, greatly facilitates weight of the product, which significantly affects the convenience in transportation and installation. The important factor is 100% resistance plastic pipe corrosion.

Diameter of sewer pipes pipes ranging from 110 to 500 mm.
Thickness ranges from 3.2 mm to 12.3 mm.
Length from 1000 to 6000 mm.
Color: red brick, gray

PVC (polyvinyl chloride) is a modern material, ideal for kalizatsionnyh systems.
Sewer pipes of PVC made of high quality raw material with constant quality control. Pipes and fittings made of PVC are designed for gravity transport of waste in the outdoor sewer at a maximum temperature up to 60 seconds. for short periods of time (up to 2 minutes) is allowed to supply pipe waste water with temperatures up to 100, provided that the expenditure does not exceed 30l/min.

The main advantages of PVC pipe lies in the fact that they have:

* Durability
* Corrosion resistance
* Resistance to encrustation walls
* High resistance to inner wear
* Low weight
* Pipes are easy to assemble at various ways of laying
* Resistance to acid medium
* Resistance to wear in the effluent, which is present a high content of sand

Depending on the rigidity of PVC pipes are divided into 2 classes:

* Class n (4 kN/m2) and the class s (8 kN/m2).
* Class rigidity is important for the initial strain at
* Stringing and support from both sides. under conditions where the possible long-term deformation
* Class rigidity does not play a significant role.

There are three types of pipes, corresponding to three standard sizes:

* Tube light type (sn-2; series s25; sdr51)
* Tubes of medium type (sn-4; series s20; sdr41)
* Heavy-duty tubes (sn-8; series s16, 7; sdr34)

Pipes, light type s25 applied to areas without traffic, such as sidewalks and green zones.

Tubes of medium type s20 used where there is little traffic.

Pipes heavy tipas16.7 designed for areas with high automobile traffic and industrial areas.

Typically, mineral fillers described together with their action. Due to the fact that mineral fillers can provide more than just cost reduction, to show their added value in industry use the term “functional filler. For example, the selected filler can perform the function of increasing the tensile strength and elongation. Some fillers can improve the hardness, the other – heat resistance and electrical resistance. Often increase rigidity with functional fillers. Fillers, which are used primarily to reduce the cost of material, often referred to as a diluent. However, such fillers, not even improve the physical properties, is often added to facilitate processing and improve product quality, so reduce the allocation of solid ingredients in the metal surfaces of processing equipment (plate-out), sticking to the rolls, regulate gloss, improve light resistance in the UV -region and extruded, as well as reduce the dry mixture. Therefore, to some extent, all fillers are “functional.”

An important property of compositions based on PVC is rigid, which is often characterized by modulus of elasticity in bending. This property, in contrast to the tensile modulus, are very much dependent on the ratio of the particle size of filler. For example, the introduction of calcium carbonate filler with a low aspect ratio, provides only a slight increase in the rigidity of PVC, and the difference between precipitation (OCC) and hammer (ICC) was very small. To increase by 30% the modulus of elasticity in bending model tracks need to add approximately 60% of the ICC or OCC, that, to some extent, determined by particle size, since the module composition increases with decreasing average particle size. Fillers having a higher ratio of dimensions, such as talc, are more effective for improving the rigidity. Ideally want to get a balance of rigidity and impact strength. It is usually supposed that there is a critical particle size of fillers to obtain the optimum balance of these properties in compositions based on PVC, equal to about 1 micron.

In the construction industry is very important dimension stability, and therefore measure the coefficient of thermal expansion. Its value is greatly influenced by the ratio of particle size of filler. High values increase the internal stresses of the finished product and can lead to distortion or cracking, or warping of products. In normal be introduced on the number of calcium carbonate provides a slight increase in dimensional stability. Filling with a higher ratio of particle sizes, such as talc, leads to improved properties, particularly at elevated temperatures. At the highest regard to size, such as a glass, its introduction to 15% for lower thermal expansion. Developer compositions should bear in mind this possibility and if necessary, to use it.

Plasticized PVC, being essentially amorphous, may contain fillers of different shape and composition. Fillers with a high ratio of particle sizes tend to have a strong negative effect on impact resistance of PVC unplasticised, their sharp edges lead to the germination of cracks and to decrease healing craze (micro-cracks). The above considerations explain the prevalence of calcium carbonate as a filler with a low ratio of particle sizes. Mixtures of calcium carbonate and fillers with a high ratio of particle size often improve impact resistance compared to using only the latter. However, the most effective way is to use to suppress the crack propagation of polymer modifiers improve impact strength. There are now also investigating the modification of the shock strength through a combination of filler and particle impact resistance modifier.